Mauricio Gallardo Universidad Catolica del Norte   Larrondo 1281, Campus Guayacán UCN Escuela de Ciencias Empresariales Coquimbo, Coquimbo 1781421 Chile   megallardo@ucn.cl         Primary Research Focus: poverty; vulnerabiity; inequality   JEL Areas: E : Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics C4 : Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics