Takero Doi Keio University   2-15-45 Mita Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 108-8345 Japan   tdoi@econ.keio.ac.jp   http://web.econ.keio.ac.jp/staff/tdoi/   Biographical Sketch: From April 2009, Professor, Faculty of Economics, Keio University. April 2002- March 2009, Associate Professor, Faculty of Economics, Keio University. August 2002- March 2004, Senior Economist, Policy Research Institute, Ministry of Finance, Government of Japan. April 1999- March 2002, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Economics, Keio University. March 1999, Ph. D. from University of Tokyo.   Primary Research Focus: Political Economy, Government Deficits, Expenditure of Local Govenments   JEL Areas: H0 : Public Economics: General D7 : Analysis of Collective Decision-Making: General