First Author:   Yawo A. Noglo Paris Nanterre University, France/INSEEC MSc & MBA, Paris/CAP-Afriques, UQAM, Canada noglohonore@hotmail.fr         Second Author: Komivi Afawubo CEREFIGE EA3942, University of Lorraine komivi.afawubo@univ-lorraine.fr   Nancy, 54000, France