|  | 
	
		|  | 
	
		| Jani  Saastamoinen and Niko  Suhonen | 
	
		|  | 
	
		| ''Were the European short selling bans of 2011 effective?'' | 
	
		| ( 2013, Vol. 33 No.3 ) | 
	
		|  | 
	
		|  | 
	
		| Regulators in Belgium, France, Italy and Spain issued a short sales ban on financial stocks to contain volatility in August 2011. This paper uses a quasi-experimental approach to assess the ban's effectiveness. Control groups in the study are the ADRs of the banned financial stocks and their European peers. Using differences-in-differences and differences-in-differences-in-differences methodologies to measure differences in volatility, our results suggest that the ban was ineffective in containing volatility. | 
	
		|  | 
	
		|  | 
	
		| Keywords: Short selling restrictions,  financial markets regulation,  volatility,  quasi-experiment,  differences-in-differences estimation | 
	
		| JEL: G2 - Financial Institutions and Services: General
 | 
	
		|  | 
	
		| | Manuscript Received : Mar 13 2013 |  | Manuscript Accepted : Jul 16 2013 | 
 |