Pei-tha Gan Department of Economics, Faculty of Management and Economics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris   Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Tanjong Malim, Perak 35900 Malaysia   gan.pt@fpe.upsi.edu.my             JEL Areas: E5 : Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General E : Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics