Recky H. E. Sendouw Universitas Negeri Manado   Universitas Negeri Manado Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Tondano, North Sulawesi 95618 Indonesia   reckyhes@yahoo.com         Primary Research Focus: Regional Economics   JEL Areas: R1 : General Regional Economics (includes Regional Data) R2 : Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Household Analysis: General