Kunihiko Konishi Osaka University   Graduate School of Economics Osaka University 1-7 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan   nge008kk@student.econ.osaka-u.ac.jp             JEL Areas: E6 : Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General O4 : Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: General