Michel Mina University of Poitiers   CRIEF, University of Poitiers 2, Rue Jean Carbonnier, Bât. A1 (BP 623) Poitiers, 86022 France   michel.mina86@gmail.com             JEL Areas: E2 : Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment: General (includes Measurement and Data) Q4 : Energy: General