Shintaro Nakagawa Shimonoseki City University   Department of Economics Shimonoseki City University 2-1-1 Daigaku-cho Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 751-8510 Japan   s-nakagawa@shimonoseki-cu.ac.jp             JEL Areas: H4 : Publicly Provided Goods: General F5 : International Relations and International Political Economy: General