Frédéric Rychen GREQAM - IDEP, University of the Mediterranean   UMR GREQAM Centre de la Vieille Charité 2, rue de la Charité Marseille Cedex 02, 13236 France   frederic.rychen@univmed.fr             JEL Areas: H : Public Economics H7 : State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations: General