Ibrahima Sy UCAO (Togo), CIREGED (Gabon), LEAD, University of Toulon (France)   UCAO UUT ISEG UCAO UUT 1, BP 1502 Lomé 1 Lomé, Togo   himrasy@yahoo.fr             JEL Areas: R1 : General Regional Economics (includes Regional Data) I3 : Welfare and Poverty: General